在图像采集过程中，噪声无处不在。足够的降解通常是图像处理的重要第一步。近几十年来，深度神经网络（DNN）已被广泛用于图像denosising。大多数基于DNN的图像Denoising方法都需要大规模数据集或专注于监督设置，其中需要单个/对的干净图像或一组嘈杂的图像。这给图像采集过程带来了重大负担。此外，在有限规模的数据集上接受培训的DeNoiser可能会产生过度拟合。为了减轻这些问题，我们基于Tucker低级张量近似引入了一个新的自我监督框架，以供图像Denoising。借助提出的设计，我们能够以更少的参数来表征我们的Denoiser，并根据单个图像进行训练，从而大大提高了模型的推广性并降低了数据获取的成本。已经进行了合成和现实世界嘈杂图像的广泛实验。经验结果表明，我们提出的方法优于现有的非学习方法（例如，低通滤波器，非本地均值），单像无监督的DENOISER（例如DIP，DIP，NN+BM3D）在样本中和样本中评估户外样本数据集。提出的方法甚至通过一些有监督的方法（例如DNCNN）实现了可比的性能。

我们为基于分数的生成模型（SGM）（例如Denoising扩散概率模型（DDPM））提供理论收敛保证，该模型构成了大型现实世界中生成模型的骨干，例如DALL $ \ cdot $ E2。我们的主要结果是，假设有准确的分数估计值，此类SGM可以从本质上有效地从任何现实的数据分布中进行采样。与先前的作品相反，我们的结果（1）以$ l^2 $准确的分数估算（而不是$ l^\ infty $ -CACCRATE）保持； （2）不需要限制性的功能不平等条件，而这些条件排除了实质性的非con虫； （3）在所有相关问题参数中刻度缩放； （4）匹配兰格文扩散离散的最新复杂性保证，前提是得分误差足够小。我们认为这是SGM的经验成功的强有力理论理由。我们还基于严重阻尼的Langevin扩散（CLD）检查SGM。与传统的观点相反，我们提供了证据，表明CLD的使用不会降低SGM的复杂性。

我们研究了张量张量的回归，其中的目标是将张量的响应与张量协变量与塔克等级参数张量/矩阵连接起来，而没有其内在等级的先验知识。我们提出了Riemannian梯度下降（RGD）和Riemannian Gauss-Newton（RGN）方法，并通过研究等级过度参数化的影响来应对未知等级的挑战。我们通过表明RGD和RGN分别线性地和四边形地收敛到两个等级的统计最佳估计值，从而为一般的张量调节回归提供了第一个收敛保证。我们的理论揭示了一种有趣的现象：Riemannian优化方法自然地适应了过度参数化，而无需修改其实施。我们还为低度多项式框架下的标量调整回归中的统计计算差距提供了第一个严格的证据。我们的理论证明了``统计计算差距的祝福''现象：在张张量的张量回归中，对于三个或更高的张紧器，在张张量的张量回归中，计算所需的样本量与中等级别相匹配的计算量相匹配。在考虑计算可行的估计器时，虽然矩阵设置没有此类好处。这表明中等等级的过度参数化本质上是``在张量调整的样本量三分或更高的样本大小上，三分或更高的样本量。最后，我们进行仿真研究以显示我们提出的方法的优势并证实我们的理论发现。

In this paper, we consider the geometric landscape connection of the widely studied manifold and factorization formulations in low-rank positive semidefinite (PSD) and general matrix optimization. We establish a sandwich relation on the spectrum of Riemannian and Euclidean Hessians at first-order stationary points (FOSPs). As a result of that, we obtain an equivalence on the set of FOSPs, second-order stationary points (SOSPs) and strict saddles between the manifold and the factorization formulations. In addition, we show the sandwich relation can be used to transfer more quantitative geometric properties from one formulation to another. Similarities and differences in the landscape connection under the PSD case and the general case are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first geometric landscape connection between the manifold and the factorization formulations for handling rank constraints, and it provides a geometric explanation for the similar empirical performance of factorization and manifold approaches in low-rank matrix optimization observed in the literature. In the general low-rank matrix optimization, the landscape connection of two factorization formulations (unregularized and regularized ones) is also provided. By applying these geometric landscape connections, in particular, the sandwich relation, we are able to solve unanswered questions in literature and establish stronger results in the applications on geometric analysis of phase retrieval, well-conditioned low-rank matrix optimization, and the role of regularization in factorization arising from machine learning and signal processing.

In this paper, we consider the estimation of a low Tucker rank tensor from a number of noisy linear measurements. The general problem covers many specific examples arising from applications, including tensor regression, tensor completion, and tensor PCA/SVD. We consider an efficient Riemannian Gauss-Newton (RGN) method for low Tucker rank tensor estimation. Different from the generic (super)linear convergence guarantee of RGN in the literature, we prove the first local quadratic convergence guarantee of RGN for low-rank tensor estimation in the noisy setting under some regularity conditions and provide the corresponding estimation error upper bounds. A deterministic estimation error lower bound, which matches the upper bound, is provided that demonstrates the statistical optimality of RGN. The merit of RGN is illustrated through two machine learning applications: tensor regression and tensor SVD. Finally, we provide the simulation results to corroborate our theoretical findings.

在本文中，我们提出{\ it \下划线{r} ecursive} {\ it \ usef \ undesline {i} mortance} {\ it \ it \ usew supsline {s} ketching} algorithM squares {\ it \下划线{o} ptimization}（risro）。 Risro的关键步骤是递归重要性草图，这是一个基于确定性设计的递归投影的新素描框架，它与文献中的随机素描\ Citep {Mahoney2011 randomized，Woodruff2014sketching}有很大不同。在这个新的素描框架下，可以重新解释文献中的几种现有算法，而Risro比它们具有明显的优势。 Risro易于实现，并在计算上有效，其中每次迭代中的核心过程是解决降低尺寸最小二乘问题的问题。我们在某些轻度条件下建立了Risro的局部二次线性和二次收敛速率。我们还发现了Risro与Riemannian Gauss-Newton算法在固定等级矩阵上的联系。在机器学习和统计数据中的两种应用中，RISRO的有效性得到了证明：低级别矩阵痕量回归和相位检索。仿真研究证明了Risro的出色数值性能。

Pioneers of autonomous vehicles (AVs) promised to revolutionize the driving experience and driving safety. However, milestones in AVs have materialized slower than forecast. Two culprits are (1) the lack of verifiability of proposed state-of-the-art AV components, and (2) stagnation of pursuing next-level evaluations, e.g., vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and multi-agent collaboration. In part, progress has been hampered by: the large volume of software in AVs, the multiple disparate conventions, the difficulty of testing across datasets and simulators, and the inflexibility of state-of-the-art AV components. To address these challenges, we present AVstack, an open-source, reconfigurable software platform for AV design, implementation, test, and analysis. AVstack solves the validation problem by enabling first-of-a-kind trade studies on datasets and physics-based simulators. AVstack solves the stagnation problem as a reconfigurable AV platform built on dozens of open-source AV components in a high-level programming language. We demonstrate the power of AVstack through longitudinal testing across multiple benchmark datasets and V2I-collaboration case studies that explore trade-offs of designing multi-sensor, multi-agent algorithms.

As language models (LMs) scale, they develop many novel behaviors, good and bad, exacerbating the need to evaluate how they behave. Prior work creates evaluations with crowdwork (which is time-consuming and expensive) or existing data sources (which are not always available). Here, we automatically generate evaluations with LMs. We explore approaches with varying amounts of human effort, from instructing LMs to write yes/no questions to making complex Winogender schemas with multiple stages of LM-based generation and filtering. Crowdworkers rate the examples as highly relevant and agree with 90-100% of labels, sometimes more so than corresponding human-written datasets. We generate 154 datasets and discover new cases of inverse scaling where LMs get worse with size. Larger LMs repeat back a dialog user's preferred answer ("sycophancy") and express greater desire to pursue concerning goals like resource acquisition and goal preservation. We also find some of the first examples of inverse scaling in RL from Human Feedback (RLHF), where more RLHF makes LMs worse. For example, RLHF makes LMs express stronger political views (on gun rights and immigration) and a greater desire to avoid shut down. Overall, LM-written evaluations are high-quality and let us quickly discover many novel LM behaviors.

Higher-order multiway data is ubiquitous in machine learning and statistics and often exhibits community-like structures, where each component (node) along each different mode has a community membership associated with it. In this paper we propose the tensor mixed-membership blockmodel, a generalization of the tensor blockmodel positing that memberships need not be discrete, but instead are convex combinations of latent communities. We establish the identifiability of our model and propose a computationally efficient estimation procedure based on the higher-order orthogonal iteration algorithm (HOOI) for tensor SVD composed with a simplex corner-finding algorithm. We then demonstrate the consistency of our estimation procedure by providing a per-node error bound, which showcases the effect of higher-order structures on estimation accuracy. To prove our consistency result, we develop the $\ell_{2,\infty}$ tensor perturbation bound for HOOI under independent, possibly heteroskedastic, subgaussian noise that may be of independent interest. Our analysis uses a novel leave-one-out construction for the iterates, and our bounds depend only on spectral properties of the underlying low-rank tensor under nearly optimal signal-to-noise ratio conditions such that tensor SVD is computationally feasible. Whereas other leave-one-out analyses typically focus on sequences constructed by analyzing the output of a given algorithm with a small part of the noise removed, our leave-one-out analysis constructions use both the previous iterates and the additional tensor structure to eliminate a potential additional source of error. Finally, we apply our methodology to real and simulated data, including applications to two flight datasets and a trade network dataset, demonstrating some effects not identifiable from the model with discrete community memberships.

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.